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Sapphire (from Hebrew: ספיר Sapir) is the single-crystal form of aluminium oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), a mineral known as corundum. It can be found naturally as gemstones or manufactured in large crystal boules for varied applications, including infrared optical components, watch faces, high-durability windows, and wafers for the deposition of semiconductors such as GaN nanorods.